Species Detail

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Horticultural Plant Database

Spinacia oleracea / Spinach / 菠菜

Introduction
Spinacia oleracea is an edible vegetable. It is thought to be domesticated in ancient Persia. In ancient China the plant is known as "Persian vegetable". Raw spinach is 91% water, 4% carbohydrates, 3% protein, and contains negligible fat. A distinction can be made between older varieties of spinach and more modern ones. It is an annual plant (rarely biennial) growing as tall as 30 cm (1 ft). Spinach may overwinter in temperate regions.
Common name: / Spinach / 菠菜
Taxonomy: Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Streptophytina; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Euphyllophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; Mesangiospermae; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; Caryophyllales; Chenopodiaceae; Chenopodioideae; Anserineae; Spinacia

Genome

1. Xu C, Jiao C, Sun H, et al. Draft genome of spinach and transcriptome diversity of 120 Spinacia accessions. Nat Commun. 2017;8:15275. Published 2017 May 24.
2. She H, Liu Z, Li S, et al. Evolution of the spinach sex-linked region within a rarely recombining pericentromeric region. Plant Physiol. 2023;193(2):1263-1280.
3. Hulse-Kemp AM, Bostan H, Chen S, et al. An anchored chromosome-scale genome assembly of spinach improves annotation and reveals extensive gene rearrangements in euasterids. Plant Genome. 2021;14(2):e20101.
4. Hirakawa H, Toyoda A, Itoh T, et al. A spinach genome assembly with remarkable completeness, and its use for rapid identification of candidate genes for agronomic traits. DNA Res. 2021;28(3):dsab004.
5. Yu L, Ma X, Deng B, et al. Construction of high-density genetic maps defined sex determination region of the Y chromosome in spinach. Mol Genet Genomics. 2021;296(1):41-53.
6. Ma X, Yu L, Fatima M, et al. The spinach YY genome reveals sex chromosome evolution, domestication, and introgression history of the species. Genome Biol. 2022;23(1):75.
7. Cai X, Sun X, Xu C, et al. Genomic analyses provide insights into spinach domestication and the genetic basis of agronomic traits Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):7246.

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