NCCWDB
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Horticultural Plant Database
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Species
Beverages & Spices
Camellia
spp. / Tea Plant / 山茶属植物
Coffea
spp. / Coffee / 咖啡属植物
Piper nigrum
/ Black pepper / 黑胡椒
Theobroma cacao
/ Cacao / 可可
Vanilla planifolia
/ Vanilla / 香荚兰
Vegetables
Allium
spp. / Allium / 葱属植物
Apium graveolens
/ Celery / 芹菜
Arctium lappa
/ Burdock / 牛蒡
Asparagus officinalis
/ Garden asparagus / 芦笋
Benincasa hispida
/ Wax gourd / 冬瓜
Beta vulgaris
/ Sugar beet / 甜菜
Brassica
spp. / Brassica / 芸薹属植物
Cajanus cajan
/ Pigeon pea / 木豆
Capsella rubella
/ Pink shepherd's purse / 淡红荠
Capsicum
spp. / Pepper / 辣椒属植物
Cicer arietinum
/ Chickpea / 鹰嘴豆
Coriandrum sativum
/ Coriander / 香菜
Cucumis sativus
/ Cucumber / 黄瓜
Cucurbita
spp. / Cucurbita / 南瓜属植物
Cynara cardunculus
/ Artichoke / 朝鲜蓟
Dioscorea rotundata
/ White guinea yam / 山药
Euryale ferox
/ Foxnut / 芡实
Glebionis coronaria
/ Crown daisy / 茼蒿
Ipomoea
spp. / Ipomoea / 番薯属植物
Lablab purpureus
/ Lablab / 扁豆
Lagenaria siceraria
/ Bottle gourd / 葫芦
Luffa
spp. / Luffa / 丝瓜属植物
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum
/ Common ice plant / 冰菜
Momordica charantia
/ Bitter gourd / 苦瓜
Moringa oleifera
/ Drumstick tree / 辣木
Nelumbo nucifera
/ Lotus / 莲藕
Perilla frutescens
/ Perilla / 紫苏
Phaseolus
spp. / Kidney bean / 菜豆属植物
Pisum sativum
/ Pea / 豌豆
Raphanus sativus
/ Radish / 萝卜
Sechium edule
/ Chayote / 佛手瓜
Solanum
spp. / Solanum / 茄属植物
Spinacia oleracea
/ Spinach / 菠菜
Toona sinensis
/ Chinese mahogany / 香椿
Trichosanthes anguina
/ Snake gourd / 蛇瓜
Vigna unguiculata
/ Cowpea / 豇豆
Zingiber officinale
/ Ginger / 姜
Fruits
Actinidia
spp. / Kiwifruit / 猕猴桃属植物
Aegle marmelos
/ Bael / 木橘
Ananas comosus
/ Pineapple / 菠萝
Averrhoa carambola
/ Star fruit / 杨桃
Carica papaya
/ Papaya / 番木瓜
Castanea mollissima
/ Chinese chestnut / 板栗
Citropsis gilletiana
/ Gillet's cherry orange / 吉列樱桃橙
Citrullus lanatus
/ Watermelon / 西瓜
Citrus
spp. / Citrus / 柑橘属植物
Clausena lansium
/ Wampee / 黄皮
Cocos nucifera
/ Coconut palm / 椰子
Crataegus pinnatifida
/ Hawthorn / 山楂
Cucumis melo
/ Muskmelon / 甜瓜
Dimocarpus longan Lour
/ Longan / 龙眼
Diospyros
spp. / Persimmon / 柿属植物
Durio zibethinus
/ Durian / 榴莲
Eriobotrya japonica
/ Loquat / 枇杷
Ficus carica
/ Common fig / 无花果
Fortunella hindsii
/ Hongkong kumquat / 山橘
Fragaria
spp. / Fragaria / 草莓属植物
Juglans regia
/ Common walnut / 核桃
Litchi chinensis Sonn
/ Litch / 荔枝
Luvunga scandens
/ Luvunga nitida / 三叶藤橘
Malus
spp. / Apple / 苹果属植物
Mangifera indica
/ Mango / 芒果
Morus notabilis
/ Mulberry / 川桑
Musa
spp. / Musa / 芭蕉属植物
Olea europaea
/ Olive / 木樨榄
Persea americana
/ Avocado / 鳄梨
Phoenix dactylifera
/ Date palm / 海枣
Physalis pubescens
/ Ground cherry / 毛酸浆
Poncirus trifoliata
/ Trifoliate orange / 枳
Prunus
spp. / Prunus / 李属植物
Punica granatum
/ Pomegranate / 石榴
Pyrus spp.
/ Pear / 梨属植物
Rubus occidentalis
/ Black raspberry / 黑莓
Saccharum
spp. / Saccharum / 甘蔗属植物
Vaccinium
spp. / Vaccinium / 越橘属植物
Vitis
spp. / Vitis / 葡萄属植物
Ziziphus jujuba
/ Jujube / 枣
Ornamentals
Acer truncatum
/ Purpleblow maple / 元宝槭
Cerasus x kanzakura
/ Cold cherry / 大寒樱
Chiococca alba
/ Snowberry / 白雪果
Chrysanthemum
spp. / Chrysanthemums / 菊属植物
Dianthus caryophyllus
/ Carnation / 康乃馨
Dionaea muscipula
/ Venus flytrap / 捕蝇草
Handroanthus impetiginosus
/ Pink trumpet tree / 风铃木
Hibiscus syriacus
/ Rose of sharon / 木槿
Ipomoea nil
/ Japanese morning glory / 牵牛
Medicago sativa
/ Alfalfa / 紫花苜蓿
Nelumbo nucifera
/ Sacred lotus / 荷花
Nicotiana sylvestris
/ Woodland tobacco / 南美烟草
Phalaenopsis equestris
/ Horse phalaenopsis / 小兰屿蝴蝶兰
Platycodon grandiflorus
/ Chinese bellflower / 桔梗花
Populus alba
/ White poplar / 银白杨
Prunus mume
/ Chinese plum / 梅
Prunus yedoensis
/ Cherry / 樱花
Rosa
spp. / Rosa / 蔷薇属植物
Salvia splendens
/ Scarlet sage / 一串红
Tarenaya hassleriana
/ Spider flower / 醉蝶花
Trifolium pratense
/ Red clover / 红车轴草
Medicinals
Areca catechu
/ Areca palm / 槟榔
Artemisia annua
/ Sweet wormwood / 青蒿
Atalantia buxifolia
/ Ugli fruit / 乌柑
Camptotheca acuminata
/ Happy tree / 喜树
Cannabis sativa
/ Cannabis / 大麻
Corchorus
spp. / Jute / 黄麻属植物
Cuscuta australis
/ Dodder / 南方菟丝子
Dendrobium catenatum
/ Chained Dendrobium / 铁皮石斛
Dioscorea dumetorum
/ Trifoliate yam / 杜氏薯蓣
Erigeron breviscapus
/ Bitter fleabane / 短亭飞蓬
Eschscholzia californica
/ California popp / 花菱草
Gardenia jasminoides
/ Gardenia / 栀子
Ginkgo biloba
/ Ginkgo / 银杏
Gnetum montanum
/ Jointfir / 买麻藤
Hibiscus cannabinus
/ Kenaf / 大麻槿
Macleaya cordata
/ Plumepoppy / 博落回
Marchantia polymorpha
/ Umbrella liverwort / 地钱
Ocimum basilicum
/ Basil / 罗勒
Origanum majorana
/ Marjoram / 甘牛至
Origanum vulgare
/ Oregano / 牛至
Panax
spp. / Asian ginseng / 参属植物
Panicum miliaceum
/ Broomcorn millet / 高粱
Papaver somniferum
/ Opium poppy / 罂粟
Potentilla anserina
/ Ginseng fruit / 蕨麻
Rosmarinus officinalis
/ Rosemary / 迷迭香
Selaginella moellendorffii
/ Moellendorf's Spikemoss Herb / 江南卷柏
Senna tora
/ Cassia tora / 决明
Sinapis alba
/ White mustard / 白芥
Siraitia grosvenorii
/ Momordica grosvenori / 罗汉果
Strobilanthes cusia
/ Plate blue / 板蓝
Thlaspi arvense
/ Pennycress / 菥蓂
Murraya paniculata
/ Orange jasmine / 九里香
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Brassica spp.
/ Brassica / 芸薹属植物
Introduction
Brassica
is a genus of plants in the cabbage and mustard family (Brassicaceae). The members of the genus are informally known as cruciferous vegetables, cabbages, mustard plants, or simply brassicas. Crops from this genus are sometimes called cole crops—derived from the Latin caulis, denoting the stem or stalk of a plant.
Brassica juncea
is an annual herb of the brassica family. Erect many branches, basal leaves obovate or broadly ovate, apex obtuse, base cuneate; Raceme terminal, flowers yellow; Sepals pale yellow, erect; Petals obovate; Angular fruit linear; Seeds spherical, brown. Flowering from March to May, fruit from May to June.
Brassica napus
is an annual or biennial herb, 30-50 cm high, powdery, with erect, branched stems and only a few scattered bristles on young leaves. The lower leaves are lobed, 5-25 cm long, 2-6 cm wide, the apical lobes ovate, 7-9 cm long, the apex rounded, the base nearly truncated, the margins obtuse, the lateral lobes about 2 pairs, ovate, 1.5-2.5 cm long, the petiole 2.5-6 cm long, with lobes at the base, the middle and upper stems and leaves gradually change from oblong elliptic to lanceolate, the base heart-shaped, holding the stem.
Brassica oleracea
has a well-developed root system. The main root system is distributed in a 30 cm tillage layer. During the vegetative growth period, the stem is shorter and shrinking, the axillary buds on the stem do not germinate, and the plant height is 40-90 cm. Cotyledons opposite, 2, inverted heart-shaped. The true leaves are green, obovate, with white powder on the surface, the leaves are 13-30 cm long, 8-12 cm wide, and the petioles are 5-15 cm long.
Brassica rapa
roots are fleshy, spherical, oblate or oblong in shape, with a white, yellow or red outer skin. Roots are white or yellow in texture, and have no spicy taste. The stem is erect, branched, slightly hairy at the lower part, and hairless at the upper part. Basal leaves with large feathered or compound heads, 20-34 cm long, with large apical lobes or leaflets, wavy or shallowly lobed edges, about 5 pairs of lateral lobes or leaflets, gradually decreasing downwards, with scattered prickly hairs.
Common name:
/ Brassica / 芸薹属植物
Taxonomy:
Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Streptophytina; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Euphyllophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; Mesangiospermae; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Brassiceae; Brassica
Genome
1. Yang J, Liu D, Wang X, et al.
The genome sequence of allopolyploid Brassica juncea and analysis of differential homoeolog gene expression influencing selection.
Nat Genet. 2016;48(10):1225-1232.
2. Kang L, Qian L, Zheng M, et al.
Genomic insights into the origin, domestication and diversification of Brassica juncea.
Nat Genet. 2021;53(9):1392-1402.
3. Paritosh K, Yadava SK, Singh P, et al.
A chromosome-scale assembly of allotetraploid Brassica juncea (AABB) elucidates comparative architecture of the A and B genomes.
Plant Biotechnol J. 2021;19(3):602-614.
4. Chalhoub B, Denoeud F, Liu S, et al.
Plant genetics. Early allopolyploid evolution in the post-Neolithic Brassica napus oilseed genome.
Science. 2014;345(6199):950-953.
5. Lu K, Wei L, Li X, et al.
Whole-genome resequencing reveals Brassica napus origin and genetic loci involved in its improvement.
Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):1154. Published 2019 Mar 11.
6. Chen X, Tong C, Zhang X, et al.
A high-quality Brassica napus genome reveals expansion of transposable elements, subgenome evolution and disease resistance.
Plant Biotechnol J. 2021;19(3):615-630.
7. Bayer PE, Hurgobin B, Golicz AA, et al.
Assembly and comparison of two closely related Brassica napus genomes.
Plant Biotechnol J. 2017;15(12):1602-1610.
8. Lee H, Chawla HS, Obermeier C, et al.
Chromosome-Scale Assembly of Winter Oilseed Rape Brassica napus.
Front Plant Sci. 2020;11:496.
9. Rousseau-Gueutin M, Belser C, Da Silva C, et al.
Long-read assembly of the Brassica napus reference genome Darmor-bzh.
Gigascience. 2020;9(12):giaa137.
10. Song JM, Guan Z, Hu J, et al.
Eight high-quality genomes reveal pan-genome architecture and ecotype differentiation of Brassica napus.
Nat Plants. 2020;6(1):34-45.
11. Sun F, Fan G, Hu Q, et al.
The high-quality genome of Brassica napus cultivar 'ZS11' reveals the introgression history in semi-winter morphotype.
Plant J. 2017;92(3):452-468.
12. Zou J, Mao L, Qiu J, et al.
Genome-wide selection footprints and deleterious variations in young Asian allotetraploid rapeseed.
Plant Biotechnol J. 2019;17(10):1998-2010.
13. Liu S, Liu Y, Yang X, et al.
The Brassica oleracea genome reveals the asymmetrical evolution of polyploid genomes.
Nat Commun. 2014;5:3930. Published 2014 May 23.
14. Guo N, Wang S, Gao L, et al.
Genome sequencing sheds light on the contribution of structural variants to Brassica oleracea diversification.
BMC Biol. 2021;19(1):93. Published 2021 May 5.
15. Lv H, Wang Y, Han F, et al.
A high-quality reference genome for cabbage obtained with SMRT reveals novel genomic features and evolutionary characteristics.
Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):12394. Published 2020 Jul 24.
16. Parkin IA, Koh C, Tang H, et al.
Transcriptome and methylome profiling reveals relics of genome dominance in the mesopolyploid Brassica oleracea.
Genome Biol. 2014;15(6):R77.
17. Wang X, Wang H, Wang J, et al.
The genome of the mesopolyploid crop species Brassica rapa.
Nat Genet. 2011;43(10):1035-1039. Published 2011 Aug 28.
18. Zhang L, Liang J, Chen H, Zhang Z, Wu J, Wang X.
A near-complete genome assembly of Brassica rapa provides new insights into the evolution of centromeres.
Plant Biotechnol J. 2023;21(5):1022-1032.
19. Li G, Jiang D, Wang J, et al.
A High-Continuity Genome Assembly of Chinese Flowering Cabbage (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis) Provides New Insights into Brassica Genome Structure Evolution.
Plants (Basel). 2023;12(13):2498.
20. Ren H, Xu D, Xiao W, et al.
Chromosome-level genome assembly and annotation of Zicaitai (Brassica rapa var. purpuraria).
Sci Data. 2023;10(1):759. Published 2023 Nov 3.
21. Wu J, Xu XD, Liu L, et al.
A Chromosome Level Genome Assembly of a Winter Turnip Rape (Brassica rapa L.) to Explore the Genetic Basis of Cold Tolerance.
Front Plant Sci. 2022;13:936958.
22. Park SG, Noh E, Choi S, et al.
Draft Genome Assembly and Transcriptome Dataset for European Turnip (Brassica rapa L. ssp. rapifera), ECD4 Carrying Clubroot Resistance.
Front Genet. 2021;12:651298.
23. Cai C, Wang X, Liu B, et al.
Brassica rapa Genome 2.0: A Reference Upgrade through Sequence Re-assembly and Gene Re-annotation.
Mol Plant. 2017;10(4):649-651.
24. Zhang L, Cai X, Wu J, et al.
Improved Brassica rapa reference genome by single-molecule sequencing and chromosome conformation capture technologies
Hortic Res. 2018;5:50. Published 2018 Aug 15.
25. Zhou Y, Ye H, Liu E, et al.
The complexity of structural variations in Brassica rapa revealed by assembly of two complete T2T genomes.
Sci Bull (Beijing). Published online March 15, 2024.
26. Li Y, Liu GF, Ma LM, et al.
A chromosome-level reference genome of non-heading Chinese cabbage [Brassica campestris (syn. Brassica rapa) ssp. chinensis].
Hortic Res. 2020;7(1):212. Published 2020 Dec 28.
27. Li P, Su T, Zhao X, et al.
Assembly of the non-heading pak choi genome and comparison with the genomes of heading Chinese cabbage and the oilseed yellow sarson.
Plant Biotechnol J. 2021;19(5):966-976.
28. Xu H, Wang C, Shao G, et al.
The reference genome and full-length transcriptome of pakchoi provide insights into cuticle formation and heat adaption.
Hortic Res. 2022;9:uhac123.
29. Yang, J., Liu, D., Wang, X. et al.
The genome sequence of allopolyploid Brassica juncea and analysis of differential homoeolog gene expression influencing selection.
Nat Genet 48, 1225–1232 (2016).
30. Perumal S, Koh CS, Jin L, et al.
A high-contiguity Brassica nigra genome localizes active centromeres and defines the ancestral Brassica genome.
Nat Plants. 2020;6(8):929-941.
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