1. marvaceae in the tropicsA large perennial deciduous tree growing in subtropical areas, about 10-25 m tall. Kapok wood and fruit fibers are widely used, and the flowers are edible and medicinal. It has been endowed with deep cultural meanings in Asia and the Americas.
2. The beacon fire originated from Zhao Tuo, the king of Nanyue, who was named after the red flowers of the trees; "Gubei" is derived from the transliteration of the Sanskrit word "Karpassa"; "Jibei" is believed to be a transliteration of the local Nanyang language "Ceiba", which originally referred to the Javanese kapok "Ceiba Pentandra" because of its similar shape.
3. It blooms first from February to April, and then grows leaves. The flowers are large, with a five-petaled corolla, obovate-shaped, with stellate hairs on both sides, orange-yellow or orange-red, and yellow (rare). Calyx black-brown, leathery.
4. In addition to making canoes from kapok wood, the Indians and Taíno people of Central America also used it as a source of honey for food and medicine, and also used kapok for rituals.
5. In Yunnan, Guangxi and other places in China, fresh kapok is an important seasonal vegetable; In southeastern Yunnan, Guangdong, Hainan Island and other places, kapok will also be dried to make tea and soup .
We report the de novo assembly of the B. ceiba and C. pentandra genomes using PacBio High-Fidelity (HiFi) reads and high-throughput chromatin conformation capture (Hi-C) technology. The high quality of these two genomes and their key positions in Malvaceae evolutionary history enabled us to reconstruct an ancestral karyotype with 11 proto-chromosomes. Comparative analysis of all published Malvaceae genomes revealed causes of variation in GS and chromosome number. MYB-MIXTA-like (MML), cellulose synthase (CesA), and cellulose synthase-like (CSL) genes have been identified as important factors in fiber development (Pauly et al., 2013; Wan et al., 2016; Wu et al., 2018; Wen et al., 2022). Through analysis of their expression patterns, sequence variations, and copy numbers, our study provides insights into differences in the natural fiber formation and development among Malvaceae species.
Estimated genome size (Mb) | 1543.96 |
Assembled genome size (Mb) | 1575.47 |
Heterozygous rate (%) | 0.37 |
Number of contigs | 1452 |
Contig N50 (Mb) | 31.31 |
Scaffold N50 (Mb) | 38.51 |
Scaffold L50 | 18 |
Longest scaffold (Mb) | 53.87 |
GC content (%) | 35.40 |
Gap number | 90 |
BUSCOs (%) | 99.40 |
LAI | 14.09 |
Quality value (QV) | 44.36 |